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Category: Antibiotics
Antibiotics on horse and Camels
Antibiotics are crucial tools in veterinary medicine, aiding in the management and treatment of bacterial infections in animals. Horses and camels, being large animals with distinct physiological and anatomical traits, require specialized care when it comes to antibiotic use. This article delves into the responsible use of antibiotics in these species, exploring their pharmacokinetics, common bacterial infections, resistance concerns, and best practices for administration.
Understanding Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are categorized into various classes, such as:
- Beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins)
- Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin)
- Tetracyclines (e.g., oxytetracycline, doxycycline)
- Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin)
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin)
- Sulfonamides (e.g., sulfadiazine, trimethoprim combinations)
Their mechanism of action varies, targeting bacterial cell walls, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or metabolic pathways.
Antibiotic Use in Horses
Common Infections
Horses are prone to bacterial infections, including:
- Respiratory Infections: Streptococcus equi (Strangles), pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi.
- Wound Infections: Often polymicrobial, involving Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and anaerobes.
- Joint and Bone Infections: Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis.
- Gastrointestinal Infections: Clostridium difficile or Clostridium perfringens.
Pharmacokinetics in Horses
Horses have unique digestive systems that affect drug absorption. Oral antibiotics must bypass the hindgut to avoid disrupting the delicate microbial balance, which could lead to colitis. Intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) routes are often preferred for systemic infections.
Popular Antibiotics
- Penicillin: Effective against many Gram-positive bacteria; administered IM.
- Trimethoprim-Sulfadiazine (TMS): Broad-spectrum; given orally.
- Gentamicin: Targets Gram-negative bacteria; used IV or IM.
- Metronidazole: Effective against anaerobic infections; often used for Clostridial infections.
Antibiotic Use in Camels
Common Infections
Camels face bacterial challenges due to their unique environment and management:
- Respiratory Diseases: Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.
- Skin Infections: Dermatophilosis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis.
- Wound and Abscesses: Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium spp.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli.
Pharmacokinetics in Camels
Camels’ unique physiology, including their ability to store water and their distinct metabolic rates, affects drug distribution and elimination. Extended drug half-lives are often observed, necessitating careful dose adjustments.
Popular Antibiotics
- Oxytetracycline: Broad-spectrum; effective for respiratory and skin infections.
- Ceftiofur: A third-generation cephalosporin used for respiratory infections.
- Enrofloxacin: Broad-spectrum; used cautiously to avoid resistance.
- Penicillin and Streptomycin Combinations: Commonly used for wound infections.
Antibiotic Resistance Concerns
The overuse or misuse of antibiotics in animals contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a significant global concern. Resistance mechanisms include:
- Efflux Pumps: Bacteria actively pump out the antibiotic.
- Enzymatic Degradation: Production of beta-lactamases.
- Target Modification: Alteration of binding sites to evade the antibiotic.
Strategies to combat AMR in horses and camels include:
- Strict adherence to prescribed dosages and durations.
- Avoiding the use of critically important antibiotics for minor infections.
- Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Best Practices for Antibiotic Use
- Veterinary Diagnosis: Always seek a veterinarian’s advice for accurate diagnosis and treatment plans.
- Culture and Sensitivity Testing: Identify the causative agent and choose the most effective antibiotic.
- Proper Administration: Follow the prescribed route (oral, IM, IV) and dosage schedule.
- Monitor for Side Effects: Watch for allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, or nephrotoxicity.
- Record Keeping: Maintain detailed treatment records for each animal.
Alternative Approaches
With growing concerns over AMR, alternative therapies are gaining traction:
- Probiotics: Maintain gut health during and after antibiotic treatment.
- Phytochemicals: Plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial properties.
- Vaccinations: Prevent infections, reducing the need for antibiotics.
- Hygiene and Biosecurity: Minimize exposure to pathogens.
Showing 1–16 of 71 results
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Airbron Agropharma 500gr (ARG)
$87.31Buy productAirbron Agropharma 500gr (ARG) Airbron Agropharma 500gr (ARG), Therapy of choice in chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Respiratory insufficiencies. Dyspnoea. It can be combined with antibiotics or sulfa drugs. Air Bron Description: Bronchodilator. Granulated. Oral.Dose: 10 g. (one measure) every 200 kg. p.v. 2 times a day. In acute cases, the treatment will be 10 to …
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Amikavet Interbio 100ml
$28.41Buy productAmikavet Interbio 100ml Amikavet Interbio 100ml, Indicated in equines, canines and felines, in all infections of the respiratory, digestive, genitourinary and osteoarticular systems caused by Gram + and Gram – bacteria sensitive to amikacin. Benefits Similar action to gentamicin. Amikacin resists aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes known to affect gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin. Several gentamicin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas …
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Atoxyn F Tornel 20ml
$41.14Buy productAtoxyn F Tornel 20ml Atoxyn F Tornel 20ml, It contains oxytetracycline (an antibiotic which reaches the source of the infection). It attacks Gram positive and Gram negative germs, rickettsiae, myco plasmas, spirochetes and actinomyces. ATOXYN-F is recommended for the treatment of animals that present anaplasmosis. Its administration is recommended as a treatment in cases of: …
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Avipen Tornel 100ml
$48.40Buy productAvipen Tornel 100ml, Antibiotic, analgesic, expectorant and cardiorespiratory stimulant for birds As an antibiotic, analgesic, antipyretic, expectorant and bronchodilator since it is made up of benzathine, procaine and potassium penicillins from the beta-lactam family and by two aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin; The combination of these results in this product being a broad spectrum …
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Avipen Tornel 20ml
$33.88Buy productAvipen Tornel 20ml Avipen Tornel 20ml, Antibiotic, analgesic, expectorant and cardiorespiratory stimulant for birds As an antibiotic, analgesic, antipyretic, expectorant and bronchodilator since it is made up of benzathine, procaine and potassium penicillins from the beta-lactam family and by two aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin; The combination of these results in this product being …
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Avipen Tornel 50ml
$41.14Add to cartAvipen Tornel 50ml, analgesic, expectorant and cardiorespiratory stimulant for birds As an antibiotic, analgesic, antipyretic, expectorant and bronchodilator since it is made up of benzathine, procaine and potassium penicillins from the beta-lactam family and by two aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin; The combination of these results in this product being a broad spectrum antimicrobial …
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Baytril 10% Bayer 25ml
$60.00Add to cartBaytril 10% Bayer 25ml Baytril 10% Bayer 25ml, Baytril Injection 10% is indicated in cattle for: • Respiratory infections caused by: Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida (shipping fever, pneumonic pasteurellosis). • Digestive infections caused by: Escherichia Coli, Salmonella spp. • Infections of the genitourinary system caused by: E. coli, Corynebacterium spp., Mycoplasmas spp., Ureaplasmas spp. • …
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Baytril 5% 100 ml Bayer
$196.48Add to cartBaytril 5% 100 ml Bayer, Antibacterial and antimicoplasmic solution injectable Pharmaceutical form: Injectable solution (Sol.i.) Composition: per ml: Enrofloxacin 50 mg. Interactions and incompatibilities: • Antagonistic effects may occur in co-administration with chloramphenicol (dogs), macrolides or tetracyclines. • Do not use simultaneously with theophylline as the elimination of theophylline may be delayed. • Caution is …
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Baytril 5% Bayer 20ml
$42.85Buy productBaytril 5% Bayer 20ml, Antibacterial and antimicoplasmic solution injectable Pharmaceutical form: Injectable solution (Sol.i.) Composition: per ml: Enrofloxacin 50 mg. Interactions and incompatibilities: • Antagonistic effects may occur in co-administration with chloramphenicol (dogs), macrolides or tetracyclines. • Do not use simultaneously with theophylline as the elimination of theophylline may be delayed. • Caution is recommended …
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Baytril 5% Bayer 50ml
$77.14Add to cartBaytril 5% Bayer 50ml Baytril 5% Bayer 50ml, Antibacterial and antimicoplasmic solution injectable Pharmaceutical form: Injectable solution (Sol.i.) Composition: per ml: Enrofloxacin 50 mg. Interactions and incompatibilities: • Antagonistic effects may occur in co-administration with chloramphenicol (dogs), macrolides or tetracyclines. • Do not use simultaneously with theophylline as the elimination of theophylline may be delayed. …
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Baytril Max 10% Bayer 250ml
$235.70Add to cartBaytril Max 10% Bayer 250ml Baytril Max 10% Bayer 250ml, Antibacterial and antimicoplasmic solution injectable Pharmaceutical form: Injectable solution (Sol.i.) Composition: per ml: Enrofloxacin 100 mg. Interactions and incompatibilities: • Antagonistic effects may occur in co-administration with chloramphenicol (dogs), macrolides or tetracyclines. • Do not use simultaneously with theophylline as the elimination of theophylline may …
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Benza Biotic Tornel 100ml
$73.97Add to cartBenza Biotic Tornel 100ml Benza Biotic Tornel 100ml is a combination of penicillins and dihydrostreptomycin with immediate long-lasting action and a broad antimicrobial spectrum, as it attacks Gram positive and Gram negative germs. After its application, the levels of antibiotics in the blood are reached within a few minutes and remain for weeks; however, therapeutic …
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Benza Biotic Tornel 20ml
$25.81Add to cartBenza Biotic Tornel 20ml Benza Biotic Tornel 20ml is a combination of penicillins and dihydrostreptomycin with immediate long-lasting action and a broad antimicrobial spectrum, as it attacks Gram positive and Gram negative germs. After its application, the levels of antibiotics in the blood are reached within a few minutes and remain for weeks; however, therapeutic …
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Ceftiofur Tornel 100ml
$100.00Add to cartBroad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory conditions associated with pasteurella mutocida and haemophillus somnus in cattle, in pigs for the treatment of bacterial pleuropneumonia.
Applications: -
Ceftiofur Tornel 250ml
Read moreBroad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory conditions associated with pasteurella mutocida and haemophillus somnus in cattle, in pigs for the treatment of bacterial pleuropneumonia. Applications: Cattle: It is indicated for bovine respiratory disease (shipping fever or pneumonia), associated with pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus sommus. In the treatment and control of cattle with acute interdigital …
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Cumebiotic Agropharma (ARG)
$106.96Add to cartUnique combination of two broad spectrum antibiotics with a high degree of synergism, each ml contains: CEFALEXIN 20 mg., KANAMYCIN 10 I.U. for the treatment of mastitis. Active ingredient: Cephalexin monohydrate, Kanamycin sulfate. Applications: CEFALEX-K is a broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, which has an effect on S. uberis, E. coli, and Staphylococcus resistant to penicillin. …
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